ADHD/ADD is a problem with inattentiveness, over-activity, impulsivity, or a combination. For these problems to be diagnosed as ADHD/ADD, they must be out of the normal range for a child's age and development.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
Imaging studies suggest that the brains of children with ADHD/ADD are different from those of other children. These children handle neurotransmitters (including dopamine, serotonin, and adrenaline) differently from their peers.
ADHD/ADD may run in families, but it is not clear exactly what causes it. Whatever the cause may be, it seems to be set in motion early in life as the brain is developing.
Depression, lack of sleep, learning disabilities, tic disorders, and behavior problems may be confused with, or appear with, ADHD/ADD. Every child suspected of having ADHD/ADD should have a careful evaluation to determine what is contributing to the behaviors that are causing concern.
ADHD/ADD is the most commonly diagnosed behavioral disorder of childhood. It affects about 3 - 5% of school aged children. ADHD/ADD is diagnosed much more often in boys than in girls.
Most children with ADHD/ADD also have at least one other developmental or behavioral problem. They may also have another psychiatric problem, such as depression or bipolar disorder.
Symptoms
The symptoms of ADHD/ADD are divided into inattentiveness, and hyperactivity and impulsivity.
Some children with ADHD/ADD primarily have the inattentive type, some the hyperactive-impulsive type, and some the combined type. Those with the inattentive type are less disruptive and are more likely to miss being diagnosed with ADHD/ADD.
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